
Synthetic strategies for substituted benzenes (9) Organic chemistry: Strategies for synthesizing substituted benzenes using electrophilic aromatic substitutions--interconversion of nitro and amino substituents; interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents, Clemmensen reduction, disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation (rearrangements and overalkylation); reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure; moderating the activating power of amino and hydroxy substituents. Arenediazonium salts; Sandmeyer reactions; synthesis of phenol from an arenediazonium salt. Phenyl vs. benzyl; oxidation of benzylic carbons to carboxylic acids with hot potassium permanganate (KMnO4) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Interconversion of nitro and amino substituents (2) Continued. Interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents; Clemmensen reduction (3) Continued. Disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation—rearrangements and overalkylation (4) Continued. Reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure (5) Continued (6) Moderating the activating power of amino substituents (7) Continued (8) Moderating the activating power of hydroxy substituents (9) Arenediazonium ...

Synthesis of Phthalic Acid Phthalic acid is synthesized by the double benzylic oxidation of o-xylene with potassium permanganate. The product is worked up to give a crystalline solid. The intro music clip is from "Stealing Fat" by The Dust Brothers. I believe this falls under fair use.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (6) Organic chemistry: Nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Substitution through benzyne intermediates. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids; synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation. Radical benzylic halogenation This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (2) Continued (3) Substitution through benzyne intermediates (4) Continued (5) Continued. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids (6) Radical benzylic halogenation (7) Continued. Synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation (8) Continued

Synthetic strategies for substituted benzenes (5) Organic chemistry: Strategies for synthesizing substituted benzenes using electrophilic aromatic substitutions--interconversion of nitro and amino substituents; interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents, Clemmensen reduction, disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation (rearrangements and overalkylation); reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure; moderating the activating power of amino and hydroxy substituents. Arenediazonium salts; Sandmeyer reactions; synthesis of phenol from an arenediazonium salt. Phenyl vs. benzyl; oxidation of benzylic carbons to carboxylic acids with hot potassium permanganate (KMnO4) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Interconversion of nitro and amino substituents (2) Continued. Interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents; Clemmensen reduction (3) Continued. Disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation—rearrangements and overalkylation (4) Continued. Reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure (5) Continued (6) Moderating the activating power of amino substituents (7) Continued (8) Moderating the activating power of hydroxy substituents (9) Arenediazonium ...

Benzenes and phenols (16) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Benzenes and phenols (5) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (7) Organic chemistry: Nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Substitution through benzyne intermediates. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids; synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation. Radical benzylic halogenation This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (2) Continued (3) Substitution through benzyne intermediates (4) Continued (5) Continued. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids (6) Radical benzylic halogenation (7) Continued. Synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation (8) Continued

Benzenes and phenols (18) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Benzenes and phenols (1) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Synthetic strategies for substituted benzenes (2) Organic chemistry: Strategies for synthesizing substituted benzenes using electrophilic aromatic substitutions--interconversion of nitro and amino substituents; interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents, Clemmensen reduction, disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation (rearrangements and overalkylation); reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure; moderating the activating power of amino and hydroxy substituents. Arenediazonium salts; Sandmeyer reactions; synthesis of phenol from an arenediazonium salt. Phenyl vs. benzyl; oxidation of benzylic carbons to carboxylic acids with hot potassium permanganate (KMnO4) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Interconversion of nitro and amino substituents (2) Continued. Interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents; Clemmensen reduction (3) Continued. Disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation—rearrangements and overalkylation (4) Continued. Reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure (5) Continued (6) Moderating the activating power of amino substituents (7) Continued (8) Moderating the activating power of hydroxy substituents (9) Arenediazonium ...

Benzenes and phenols (10) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Smith Textbook Chapter 16.31 b Watch as the benzene ethyl carbanion is rotated in 3-d space, showing how the carbanion is sp2-hybridized, which allows a filled p-orbital to be in conjugation with the rest of the molecule. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) indicates that the real molecule (resonance hybrid) really looks like there's a carbanion at four different locations (can you draw all resonance structures?). Lastly, notice how the electron density plot shows the red hotspot (charge density) located at the benzylic carbon, and the two ortho carbons, and para carbon.

Benzenes and phenols (14) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Benzenes and phenols (7) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Synthetic strategies for substituted benzenes (12) Organic chemistry: Strategies for synthesizing substituted benzenes using electrophilic aromatic substitutions--interconversion of nitro and amino substituents; interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents, Clemmensen reduction, disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation (rearrangements and overalkylation); reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure; moderating the activating power of amino and hydroxy substituents. Arenediazonium salts; Sandmeyer reactions; synthesis of phenol from an arenediazonium salt. Phenyl vs. benzyl; oxidation of benzylic carbons to carboxylic acids with hot potassium permanganate (KMnO4) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Interconversion of nitro and amino substituents (2) Continued. Interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents; Clemmensen reduction (3) Continued. Disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation—rearrangements and overalkylation (4) Continued. Reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure (5) Continued (6) Moderating the activating power of amino substituents (7) Continued (8) Moderating the activating power of hydroxy substituents (9) Arenediazonium ...

Electrophilic aromatic substitution (12) Organic chemistry: Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) of benzene—halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and alkanoylation. Electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups—activators vs. deactivators, ortho/para-directors vs. meta-directors. This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) General mechanism for electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS). Halogenation (2) Continued. Nitration (3) Sulfonation. Friedel-Crafts alkylation and alkanoylation (4) Continued (5) Activating vs. deactivating substituents (6) Continued. Digression on nomenclature (7) Activators and deactivators, continued (8) Ortho/para-directors and meta-directors (9) Continued (10) Continued. Directing effects for disubstituted benzenes (11) Continued (12) Some aromaticity and Huckel's rule problems

Benzenes and phenols (15) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (5) Organic chemistry: Nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Substitution through benzyne intermediates. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids; synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation. Radical benzylic halogenation This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (2) Continued (3) Substitution through benzyne intermediates (4) Continued (5) Continued. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids (6) Radical benzylic halogenation (7) Continued. Synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation (8) Continued

Benzenes and phenols (6) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Benzenes and phenols (8) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (8) Organic chemistry: Nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Substitution through benzyne intermediates. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids; synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation. Radical benzylic halogenation This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (2) Continued (3) Substitution through benzyne intermediates (4) Continued (5) Continued. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids (6) Radical benzylic halogenation (7) Continued. Synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation (8) Continued

Synthetic strategies for substituted benzenes (4) Organic chemistry: Strategies for synthesizing substituted benzenes using electrophilic aromatic substitutions--interconversion of nitro and amino substituents; interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents, Clemmensen reduction, disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation (rearrangements and overalkylation); reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure; moderating the activating power of amino and hydroxy substituents. Arenediazonium salts; Sandmeyer reactions; synthesis of phenol from an arenediazonium salt. Phenyl vs. benzyl; oxidation of benzylic carbons to carboxylic acids with hot potassium permanganate (KMnO4) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Interconversion of nitro and amino substituents (2) Continued. Interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents; Clemmensen reduction (3) Continued. Disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation—rearrangements and overalkylation (4) Continued. Reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure (5) Continued (6) Moderating the activating power of amino substituents (7) Continued (8) Moderating the activating power of hydroxy substituents (9) Arenediazonium ...

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (3) Organic chemistry: Nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Substitution through benzyne intermediates. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids; synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation. Radical benzylic halogenation This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (2) Continued (3) Substitution through benzyne intermediates (4) Continued (5) Continued. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids (6) Radical benzylic halogenation (7) Continued. Synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation (8) Continued

Synthetic strategies for substituted benzenes (7) Organic chemistry: Strategies for synthesizing substituted benzenes using electrophilic aromatic substitutions--interconversion of nitro and amino substituents; interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents, Clemmensen reduction, disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation (rearrangements and overalkylation); reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure; moderating the activating power of amino and hydroxy substituents. Arenediazonium salts; Sandmeyer reactions; synthesis of phenol from an arenediazonium salt. Phenyl vs. benzyl; oxidation of benzylic carbons to carboxylic acids with hot potassium permanganate (KMnO4) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Interconversion of nitro and amino substituents (2) Continued. Interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents; Clemmensen reduction (3) Continued. Disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation—rearrangements and overalkylation (4) Continued. Reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure (5) Continued (6) Moderating the activating power of amino substituents (7) Continued (8) Moderating the activating power of hydroxy substituents (9) Arenediazonium ...

Synthetic strategies for substituted benzenes (10) Organic chemistry: Strategies for synthesizing substituted benzenes using electrophilic aromatic substitutions--interconversion of nitro and amino substituents; interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents, Clemmensen reduction, disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation (rearrangements and overalkylation); reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure; moderating the activating power of amino and hydroxy substituents. Arenediazonium salts; Sandmeyer reactions; synthesis of phenol from an arenediazonium salt. Phenyl vs. benzyl; oxidation of benzylic carbons to carboxylic acids with hot potassium permanganate (KMnO4) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Interconversion of nitro and amino substituents (2) Continued. Interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents; Clemmensen reduction (3) Continued. Disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation—rearrangements and overalkylation (4) Continued. Reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure (5) Continued (6) Moderating the activating power of amino substituents (7) Continued (8) Moderating the activating power of hydroxy substituents (9) Arenediazonium ...

Synthetic strategies for substituted benzenes (1) Organic chemistry: Strategies for synthesizing substituted benzenes using electrophilic aromatic substitutions--interconversion of nitro and amino substituents; interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents, Clemmensen reduction, disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation (rearrangements and overalkylation); reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure; moderating the activating power of amino and hydroxy substituents. Arenediazonium salts; Sandmeyer reactions; synthesis of phenol from an arenediazonium salt. Phenyl vs. benzyl; oxidation of benzylic carbons to carboxylic acids with hot potassium permanganate (KMnO4) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Interconversion of nitro and amino substituents (2) Continued. Interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents; Clemmensen reduction (3) Continued. Disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation—rearrangements and overalkylation (4) Continued. Reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure (5) Continued (6) Moderating the activating power of amino substituents (7) Continued (8) Moderating the activating power of hydroxy substituents (9) Arenediazonium ...

Benzenes and phenols (17) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (2) Organic chemistry: Nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Substitution through benzyne intermediates. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids; synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation. Radical benzylic halogenation This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (2) Continued (3) Substitution through benzyne intermediates (4) Continued (5) Continued. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids (6) Radical benzylic halogenation (7) Continued. Synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation (8) Continued

Benzenes and phenols (3) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Benzenes and phenols (12) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (4) Organic chemistry: Nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Substitution through benzyne intermediates. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids; synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation. Radical benzylic halogenation This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (2) Continued (3) Substitution through benzyne intermediates (4) Continued (5) Continued. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids (6) Radical benzylic halogenation (7) Continued. Synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation (8) Continued

Synthetic strategies for substituted benzenes (3) Organic chemistry: Strategies for synthesizing substituted benzenes using electrophilic aromatic substitutions--interconversion of nitro and amino substituents; interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents, Clemmensen reduction, disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation (rearrangements and overalkylation); reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure; moderating the activating power of amino and hydroxy substituents. Arenediazonium salts; Sandmeyer reactions; synthesis of phenol from an arenediazonium salt. Phenyl vs. benzyl; oxidation of benzylic carbons to carboxylic acids with hot potassium permanganate (KMnO4) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Interconversion of nitro and amino substituents (2) Continued. Interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents; Clemmensen reduction (3) Continued. Disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation—rearrangements and overalkylation (4) Continued. Reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure (5) Continued (6) Moderating the activating power of amino substituents (7) Continued (8) Moderating the activating power of hydroxy substituents (9) Arenediazonium ...

Synthetic strategies for substituted benzenes (8) Organic chemistry: Strategies for synthesizing substituted benzenes using electrophilic aromatic substitutions--interconversion of nitro and amino substituents; interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents, Clemmensen reduction, disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation (rearrangements and overalkylation); reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure; moderating the activating power of amino and hydroxy substituents. Arenediazonium salts; Sandmeyer reactions; synthesis of phenol from an arenediazonium salt. Phenyl vs. benzyl; oxidation of benzylic carbons to carboxylic acids with hot potassium permanganate (KMnO4) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Interconversion of nitro and amino substituents (2) Continued. Interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents; Clemmensen reduction (3) Continued. Disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation—rearrangements and overalkylation (4) Continued. Reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure (5) Continued (6) Moderating the activating power of amino substituents (7) Continued (8) Moderating the activating power of hydroxy substituents (9) Arenediazonium ...

Benzenes and phenols (2) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Benzenes and phenols (4) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Benzenes and phenols (9) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (1) Organic chemistry: Nucleophilic aromatic substitution of benzene. Substitution through benzyne intermediates. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids; synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation. Radical benzylic halogenation This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (2) Continued (3) Substitution through benzyne intermediates (4) Continued (5) Continued. Summary of methods for synthesis of phenols. Benzylic oxidation to carboxylic acids (6) Radical benzylic halogenation (7) Continued. Synthesis problems involving benzylic oxidation (8) Continued

Benzenes and phenols (13) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

Benzenes and phenols (11) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued

The Stability of Cations A variety of reaction intermediates under acidic conditions are cationic. What factors control the stability of cations?

Synthetic strategies for substituted benzenes (11) Organic chemistry: Strategies for synthesizing substituted benzenes using electrophilic aromatic substitutions--interconversion of nitro and amino substituents; interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents, Clemmensen reduction, disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation (rearrangements and overalkylation); reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure; moderating the activating power of amino and hydroxy substituents. Arenediazonium salts; Sandmeyer reactions; synthesis of phenol from an arenediazonium salt. Phenyl vs. benzyl; oxidation of benzylic carbons to carboxylic acids with hot potassium permanganate (KMnO4) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students' permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Interconversion of nitro and amino substituents (2) Continued. Interconversion of alkanoyl and alkyl substituents; Clemmensen reduction (3) Continued. Disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylation—rearrangements and overalkylation (4) Continued. Reversible sulfonation as a blocking procedure (5) Continued (6) Moderating the activating power of amino substituents (7) Continued (8) Moderating the activating power of hydroxy substituents (9) Arenediazonium ...

Benzenes and phenols (19) Organic chemistry: Benzene nomenclature; phenyl vs. benzyl; ortho, meta, and para. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis. Kolbe carboxylation. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student's permission. These videos are offered on a "pay-what-you-like" basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance- For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: (1) Benzene nomenclature (2) Phenyl vs. benzyl. Nomenclature continued (3) Nomenclature continued. Ortho, meta, and para (4) Nomenclature continued (5) Continued (6) Continued (7) Continued (8) Continued. Phenol nomenclature. Acidity of phenols (9) Acidity of phenols continued (10) Continued (11) Continued (12) Continued (13) Continued (14) Continued. Deprotonated phenols as nucleophiles; preparation of alkyl aryl ethers using Williamson ether synthesis (15) Continued (16) Continued. Kolbe carboxylation (17) Continued. Hydrogenolysis of benzylic ethers (18) Continued (19) Continued